Working Safely with Paints and Solvents

Common Chemical Hazards in Paints and Solvents

Construction paints and solvents often contain hazardous chemicals:

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

• Found in oil-based paints, thinners, and many solvents
• Can cause headaches, dizziness, and respiratory problems
• Some may cause long-term organ damage or cancer
• Examples: toluene, xylene, benzene, methyl ethyl ketone

Heavy Metals

• May be found in some specialized paints
• Can cause nervous system damage and other health problems
• Examples: lead (older paints), chromium, cadmium

Isocyanates

• Found in polyurethane paints, varnishes, and two-part epoxies
• Major cause of occupational asthma
• Can cause severe allergic reactions with repeated exposure

Solvents

• Used for thinning and cleanup
• Damage skin by removing natural oils
• Can be absorbed through skin
• Examples: mineral spirits, acetone, turpentine, MEK

Health Effects of Exposure

Short-Term Effects

• Eye, nose, and throat irritation
• Headaches and dizziness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Skin rashes or chemical burns
• Confusion or coordination problems
• Respiratory irritation

Long-Term Effects

• Liver or kidney damage
• Nervous system damage
• Reproductive problems
• Asthma or chronic bronchitis
• Some chemicals may cause cancer
• Sensitization (becoming allergic to a chemical)

Routes of Exposure

Inhalation

• Most common route
• Chemical vapors enter lungs
• Small space work increases concentration
• Hot conditions increase evaporation

Skin Contact

• Direct contact with liquid
• Some chemicals can go through skin into bloodstream
• Damaged skin absorbs chemicals more easily
• Splashes can occur during pouring or mixing

Ingestion

• Usually accidental from hand-to-mouth contact
• Can happen when eating or smoking with contaminated hands
• May occur if chemicals are stored in food containers

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Respiratory Protection

• N95 respirators for dust from sanding
• Half-face respirators with organic vapor cartridges for most painting
• Full-face respirators for spray applications or isocyanates
• Supplied air systems for confined spaces or heavy concentrations

Skin Protection

• Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene, or PVC)
• Long sleeves and pants
• Coveralls for spray painting or heavy exposure
• Aprons for mixing or pouring operations

Eye Protection

• Safety glasses for minimal splash hazard
• Chemical splash goggles for mixing or pouring
• Face shield over goggles for high splash potential

Safe Work Practices

Before Starting Work

• Read Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for all products
• Ensure proper ventilation
• Remove ignition sources (paints/solvents may be flammable)
• Cover floors and surfaces to prevent contamination
• Have emergency eyewash available

During Work

• Keep containers closed when not in use
• Use only in well-ventilated areas
• Take breaks in fresh air
• Never eat, drink, or smoke while working with chemicals
• Label all containers, even temporary ones
• Follow manufacturer's instructions for mixing and application

After Work

• Clean up spills immediately
• Dispose of waste properly
• Wash hands thoroughly before eating, drinking, or smoking
• Remove contaminated clothing before leaving work area
• Store chemicals properly

Ventilation Requirements

Natural Ventilation

• Open windows and doors when possible
• May not be enough for hazardous products
• Weather conditions affect effectiveness
• Cross-ventilation works best

Mechanical Ventilation

• Fans to bring in fresh air and remove contaminated air
• Local exhaust at the source of vapors
• Ensure air flows away from workers
• Required for confined spaces

Proper Storage and Disposal

Storage

• Keep in original containers with labels
• Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas
• Keep away from heat, sparks, and flames
• Separate incompatible materials
• Use approved flammable storage cabinets

Disposal

• Never pour down drains or onto ground
• Follow local regulations for hazardous waste
• Keep liquid waste in sealed containers
• Allow small amounts to dry before disposal (if permitted locally)
• Use approved waste collection services

Emergency Procedures

Consult SDS for Emergency Procedures

SDS contian emergency procedures for each chemical under section 4. The following are general guidlines for treatment. Please consult the SDS, emergency medical personnel, and poison control for each specific exposure to ensure the individual is receiving the necessary and appropriate care.

For Skin Contact

1. Remove contaminated clothing
2. Wash skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes
3. Seek medical attention if irritation persists

For Eye Contact

1. Flush eyes with clean water for at least 15 minutes
2. Hold eyelids open during flushing
3. Seek medical attention immediately

For Inhalation

1. Move to fresh air immediately
2. Seek medical help if symptoms are severe or persist
3. Perform rescue breathing if necessary and trained

For Ingestion

1. Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed by poison control
2. Call poison control center or emergency services immediately
3. Save the container to show medical personnel