Derrick Safety
Types of Derricks
- Guy Derricks: Supported by guy lines
- Stiffleg Derricks: Supported by two rigid members
- Gin Pole Derricks: Supported by guys or braces with no boom
- Chicago Boom Derricks: Derrick with boom attached to a turntable
- A-Frame Derricks: Self-supporting structure resembling letter "A"
- Breast Derricks: Supporting boom attached at boom point
Installation Requirements
- Secure anchorage for guy derricks
- Proper foundation and support
- Sufficient counterweights installed
- Guy lines properly tensioned
- Adequate clearance from power lines (minimum 10 feet)
- Installation supervised by competent person
- Inspection before initial use
- Documentation of setup specifications
Operational Safety
- Operator qualifications and training
- Designated signal person
- Load charts available and followed
- Pre-lift planning
- Communication system established
- Clear operational area
- No overhead work during lifting
- Secured loads with proper rigging
Inspection Requirements
- Daily visual inspection
- Monthly documented inspection
- Annual comprehensive inspection
- Check guy lines for proper tension
- Inspect wire rope and end connections
- Verify brakes and locking devices
- Check load indicators
- Examine structural components for damage
Hoists Safety
Material Hoists
- Enclosed on all sides except loading points
- Gates at all landing levels
- Overhead protection for operators
- Proper foundation and stability
- Limit switches for maximum travel
- Proper counterweight installation
- Proper electrical grounding
- Warning signs posted
Personnel Hoists
- Fully enclosed car and hoistway
- Car doors with mechanical locks
- Emergency stop device
- Terminal limit switches
- Daily inspection before use
- Call system at each landing
- Rated load capacity posted
- Fire extinguisher in car
Operational Requirements
- Competent person to supervise installation
- Regular inspections (daily, weekly, monthly)
- Load capacity limits posted and followed
- Signal system established
- No riding material hoists unless designed for personnel
- Proper communication between floors
- Clear loading and unloading areas
- Lockout/tagout procedures for maintenance
Common Hoist Hazards
- Overloading
- Improper loading/unloading
- Failures of hoisting equipment
- Falls during loading/unloading
- Objects falling from hoist
- Electrical hazards
- Structural failure
- Improper maintenance
Elevator Safety (Temporary Use)
Installation Requirements
- Proper foundation and support
- Enclosed shaft and car
- Car gates and hoistway doors
- Terminal limit switches
- Call system at each landing
- Emergency stop system
- Proper electrical installation
- Compliance with ANSI A10.4
Operational Safety
- Qualified operator
- Daily inspection before use
- Capacity limits posted and followed
- Proper loading procedures
- Emergency evacuation plan
- Regular maintenance
- Proper startup and shutdown procedures
- Weather condition considerations
Inspection Requirements
- Daily visual inspection
- Weekly operational test
- Monthly documented inspection
- Quarterly load test
- Check all safety devices
- Test braking systems
- Inspect wire rope and connections
- Verify signal systems function
Use During Construction
- Phased conversion plan for permanent elevators
- Protection of equipment during construction
- Proper training for operators
- Coordination with elevator contractors
- Clear access to elevator areas
- Protection from falling objects
- Controlled access to machine rooms
- Proper signage for temporary use
Conveyor Safety
Types of Construction Conveyors
- Belt Conveyors: Continuous moving belt
- Roller Conveyors: Series of rollers for movement
- Screw Conveyors: Rotating screw moves material
- Bucket Conveyors: Series of buckets for vertical movement
- Pneumatic Conveyors: Air pressure moves material
- Vibrating Conveyors: Vibration moves material along trough
- Chain Conveyors: Driven chains with attachments
- Mobile Conveyors: Portable units that can be repositioned
Installation Requirements
- Secure mounting and support
- Proper electrical connections
- Guarding at all pinch points
- Emergency stop devices accessible along entire length
- Proper tensions for belts and chains
- Adequate clearance around equipment
- Protection from weather if needed
- Clearly marked controls
Operational Safety
- Training for operators
- No riding on conveyors
- Keep hands away from moving parts
- Proper loading procedures
- Regular inspection during operation
- Clear communication for startup
- Lockout/tagout for clearing jams
- Personal protective equipment
Guarding Requirements
- Power transmission guards
- Nip point protection
- Return roller guards
- Head and tail pulley guards
- Emergency stop cords along length
- Belt scrapers guarded
- Warning signs at crossover points
- Overhead protection as needed
Common Hazards and Controls
Mechanical Hazards
- Entanglement: Guards on rotating parts
- Crushing: Barriers around pinch points
- Struck-by: Safe clearance from loads
- Caught-in: Proper guarding and procedures
- Shearing: Guards on moving parts
- Drawing-in: Emergency stops and guards
- Cutting: Proper PPE and guarding
- Friction Burns: Guarding and PPE
Falling Object Hazards
- Secured loads
- Toe boards on elevated equipment
- Netting where needed
- Housekeeping to prevent loose material
- Warning signs and barriers
- Hard hat requirements
- Regular inspection for loose parts
- Limited access below elevated equipment
Electrical Hazards
- Proper grounding
- GFCI protection
- Protection from weather
- Regular inspection of cords and connectors
- Lockout/tagout procedures
- Qualified electrical work
- Protection from overhead power lines
- Proper disconnect means
Fall Hazards
- Guardrails at elevated work areas
- Fall protection when working at heights
- Safe access to maintenance points
- Proper work platforms
- Non-slip surfaces
- Clear walkways
- Proper lighting
- Warning signs at drop-offs
Inspection and Maintenance
Daily Inspection Points
- Visual check of critical components
- Function test of emergency stops
- Check for loose or missing guards
- Inspect wire rope or chains
- Test brakes and limits
- Check load indicators
- Verify signal systems
- Document inspection results
Maintenance Requirements
- Follow manufacturer's schedule
- Qualified maintenance personnel
- Lockout/tagout procedures
- Replacement parts meet specifications
- Documentation of all maintenance
- Testing after repairs
- Regular lubrication
- Adjustments to maintain proper operation
Common Maintenance Issues
- Worn sheaves and pulleys
- Frayed wire rope
- Loose fasteners
- Misaligned tracks or rails
- Worn brake components
- Electrical contact problems
- Bearing failures
- Control system malfunctions
Documentation Requirements
- Installation certification
- Operator qualifications
- Daily inspection logs
- Maintenance records
- Load test certificates
- Repair history
- Modification approvals
- Annual inspection reports
Training Requirements
Operator Training
- Equipment-specific operation
- Hazard recognition
- Inspection requirements
- Emergency procedures
- Load capacities and limitations
- Communication protocols
- Startup and shutdown procedures
- Troubleshooting common issues
Maintenance Personnel Training
- Mechanical systems
- Electrical systems
- Lockout/tagout procedures
- Manufacturer's specifications
- Testing procedures
- Documentation requirements
- Parts replacement
- Safety precautions
General Worker Training
- Awareness of hazards
- No unauthorized operation
- Reporting problems
- Emergency stop locations
- Safe loading/unloading procedures
- Communication with operators
- Crossing procedures
- Warning signs and signals
Emergency Procedures
Equipment Failure
- Immediate shutdown
- Notification of supervisor
- Securing area
- Assessment of situation
- Implementation of rescue plan if needed
- Documentation of incident
- Investigation before resuming operation
- Corrective action implementation
Power Failure
- Emergency lowering procedures
- Backup power systems
- Manual operation procedures
- Communication plan
- Evacuation plan
- Securing loads in place
- System restart procedures
- Testing after power restoration
Rescue Procedures
- Personnel extraction plan
- Equipment for rescue operations
- Trained rescue personnel
- First aid provisions
- Emergency contact information
- Practice drills
- Coordination with emergency services
- Documentation and review of incidents
Specialized Equipment Considerations
Material and Personnel Hoists
- Different standards and requirements
- Personnel hoists require additional safety features
- Regular load testing
- Weather condition limitations
- Communication requirements
- Qualification of operators
- Documentation requirements
- Emergency evacuation plans
Temporary Elevators
- Coordination with elevator contractors
- Phased installation plan
- Conversion to permanent use
- Protection during construction
- Specialized maintenance
- Testing requirements
- Operator qualification
- Limited access control
Concrete Placing Equipment
- Boom inspections
- Pipeline pressure testing
- Cleanout procedures
- Counterweight requirements
- Outrigger placement
- Communication with pump operator
- Blockage clearing procedures
- End hose management
Masonry and Scaffold Hoists
- Platform security
- Gate interlocks
- Load distribution
- Wind limitations
- Tie-in requirements
- Overhead protection
- Loading zone protection
- Signal systems